Transformasi Demokrasi Indonesia: Refleksi Kritis, Tantangan Multidimensi, dan Agenda Penguatan Peradaban Politik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37950/joc.v5i2.696Abstract
Pasca-Reformasi, demokrasi Indonesia telah berhasil membangun fondasi prosedural yang kokoh, namun saat ini tengah menghadapi tantangan serius berupa gejala regresi demokrasi (democratic backsliding). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara sistemik problematika demokrasi Indonesia kontemporer serta merumuskan strategi penguatan demokrasi berbasis nilai dan partisipasi publik yang substansial. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode studi kepustakaan (library research), penelitian ini melakukan analisis tematik terhadap berbagai literatur ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, serta fenomena politik terkini. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa problematika demokrasi Indonesia bersifat multidimensi, yang mencakup rendahnya literasi demokrasi, dominasi proseduralisme elektoral, krisis etika publik di tingkat elite, polarisasi sosial yang tajam, hingga menyempitnya ruang ekspresi warga akibat regulasi yang problematik. Kondisi ini diperparah oleh dominasi oligarki dan lemahnya akuntabilitas politik yang menjauhkan demokrasi dari esensi keterwakilan rakyat. Sebagai langkah transformatif, studi ini merumuskan enam strategi penguatan demokrasi: (1) revitalisasi civic education berbasis nilai lokal; (2) reformasi rekrutmen politik dan transparansi legislasi; (3) pelembagaan etika publik sebagai fondasi moral kebijakan; (4) perlindungan terhadap kebebasan sipil dan ruang ekspresi digital; (5) penguatan peran masyarakat sipil melalui sekolah kader demokrasi; serta (6) pembangunan demokrasi yang berkeadilan sosial melalui kebijakan redistributif. Melalui sinergi strategi tersebut, diharapkan demokrasi Indonesia dapat bertransformasi dari sekadar mekanisme elektoral rutin menjadi sebuah proyek peradaban politik yang inklusif, etis, dan berkelanjutan.
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